// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="ScatterSeriesExamples.cs" company="OxyPlot">
//   Copyright (c) 2014 OxyPlot contributors
// </copyright>
// <summary>
//   Calculates the Least squares fit of a list of DataPoints.
// </summary>
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace ExampleLibrary
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;

    using OxyPlot;
    using OxyPlot.Annotations;
    using OxyPlot.Axes;
    using OxyPlot.Series;
    using OxyPlot.Legends;

    [Examples("ScatterSeries"), Tags("Series")]
    public class ScatterSeriesExamples
    {
        [Example("Correlated points")]
        [DocumentationExample("Series/ScatterSeries")]
        public static PlotModel CorrelatedScatter()
        {
            return CreateCorrelatedScatter(1000);
        }

        [Example("Random points")]
        public static PlotModel RandomScatter()
        {
            return RandomScatter(32768, 0);
        }

        [Example("Random points (BinSize=2)")]
        public static PlotModel RandomScatter2()
        {
            return RandomScatter(32768, 2);
        }

        [Example("Random points (BinSize=4)")]
        public static PlotModel RandomScatter4()
        {
            return RandomScatter(32768, 4);
        }

        [Example("Random points (BinSize=6)")]
        public static PlotModel RandomScatter6()
        {
            return RandomScatter(32768, 6);
        }

        [Example("Random points (BinSize=8)")]
        public static PlotModel RandomScatter8()
        {
            return RandomScatter(32768, 8);
        }

        [Example("Random points (BinSize=10)")]
        public static PlotModel RandomScatter10()
        {
            return RandomScatter(32768, 10);
        }

        [Example("Two ScatterSeries")]
        public static PlotModel TwoScatterSeries()
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = "Two ScatterSeries (with and without values)", Subtitle = "With values (squares), without values (triangles)" };
            var colorAxis = new LinearColorAxis { Position = AxisPosition.Right, Key = "ColorAxis", Palette = OxyPalettes.Jet(30), Minimum = -1, Maximum = 1 };
            model.Axes.Add(colorAxis);
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(50, MarkerType.Triangle, false, false, null));
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(50, MarkerType.Square, false, true, colorAxis));
            return model;
        }

        [Example("LabelFormatString")]
        public static PlotModel LabelFormatString()
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = "ScatterSeries with LabelFormatString" };
            var s = CreateRandomScatterSeries(50, MarkerType.Square, false, false, null);
            s.LabelFormatString = "{1:0.###}";
            model.Series.Add(s);
            return model;
        }

        private static PlotModel CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(int n, OxyPalette palette, MarkerType markerType, AxisPosition colorAxisPosition, OxyColor highColor, OxyColor lowColor)
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = string.Format("ScatterSeries (n={0})", n), Background = OxyColors.LightGray };
            var colorAxis = new LinearColorAxis { Position = colorAxisPosition, Palette = palette, Minimum = -1, Maximum = 1, HighColor = highColor, LowColor = lowColor };
            model.Axes.Add(colorAxis);
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(n, markerType, false, true, colorAxis));
            return model;
        }

        private static ScatterSeries CreateRandomScatterSeries(int n, MarkerType markerType, bool setSize, bool setValue, LinearColorAxis colorAxis)
        {
            var s1 = new ScatterSeries
            {
                MarkerType = markerType,
                MarkerSize = 6,
                ColorAxisKey = colorAxis != null ? colorAxis.Key : null
            };
            var random = new Random(13);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                var p = new ScatterPoint((random.NextDouble() * 2.2) - 1.1, random.NextDouble());
                if (setSize)
                {
                    p.Size = (random.NextDouble() * 5) + 5;
                }

                if (setValue)
                {
                    p.Value = (random.NextDouble() * 2.2) - 1.1;
                }

                s1.Points.Add(p);
            }

            return s1;
        }

        [Example("Random points with random size")]
        public static PlotModel RandomSize()
        {
            return RandomSize(1000, 8);
        }

        public static PlotModel RandomSize(int n, int binsize)
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = string.Format("ScatterSeries with random MarkerSize (n={0})", n), Subtitle = "BinSize = " + binsize };

            var s1 = new ScatterSeries { Title = "Series 1", MarkerStrokeThickness = 0, BinSize = binsize };
            var random = new Random(13);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                s1.Points.Add(new ScatterPoint(random.NextDouble(), random.NextDouble(), 4 + (10 * random.NextDouble())));
            }

            model.Series.Add(s1);
            return model;
        }

        [Example("Random points with least squares fit")]
        public static PlotModel RandomWithFit()
        {
            const int n = 20;
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = string.Format("Random data (n={0})", n) };
            var l = new Legend
            {
                LegendPosition = LegendPosition.LeftTop
            };

            model.Legends.Add(l);

            var s1 = new ScatterSeries { Title = "Measurements" };
            var random = new Random(7);
            double x = 0;
            double y = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                x += 2 + (random.NextDouble() * 10);
                y += 1 + random.NextDouble();
                var p = new ScatterPoint(x, y);
                s1.Points.Add(p);
            }

            model.Series.Add(s1);
            double a, b;
            LeastSquaresFit(s1.Points, out a, out b);
            model.Annotations.Add(new LineAnnotation { Slope = a, Intercept = b, Text = "Least squares fit" });
            return model;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calculates the Least squares fit of a list of DataPoints.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="points">The points.</param>
        /// <param name="a">The slope.</param>
        /// <param name="b">The intercept.</param>
        public static void LeastSquaresFit(IEnumerable<ScatterPoint> points, out double a, out double b)
        {
            // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_squares
            // http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LeastSquaresFitting.html
            // http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~gerry/nmm/course/slides/ch09Slides4up.pdf

            double Sx = 0;
            double Sy = 0;
            double Sxy = 0;
            double Sxx = 0;
            int m = 0;
            foreach (var p in points)
            {
                Sx += p.X;
                Sy += p.Y;
                Sxy += p.X * p.Y;
                Sxx += p.X * p.X;
                m++;
            }

            double d = Sx * Sx - m * Sxx;
            a = 1 / d * (Sx * Sy - m * Sxy);
            b = 1 / d * (Sx * Sxy - Sxx * Sy);
        }

        [Example("Marker types")]
        public static PlotModel MarkerTypes()
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = "Marker types" };
            var r = new Random(12345);
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(r, 10, "Circle", MarkerType.Circle));
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(r, 10, "Cross", MarkerType.Cross));
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(r, 10, "Diamond", MarkerType.Diamond));
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(r, 10, "Plus", MarkerType.Plus));
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(r, 10, "Square", MarkerType.Square));
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(r, 10, "Star", MarkerType.Star));
            model.Series.Add(CreateRandomScatterSeries(r, 10, "Triangle", MarkerType.Triangle));
            return model;
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries.Points")]
        public static PlotModel DataPoints()
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = "ScatterSeries (n=1000)", Subtitle = "The scatter points are added to the Points collection." };
            var series = new ScatterSeries();
            series.Points.AddRange(CreateRandomScatterPoints(1000));
            model.Series.Add(series);
            return model;
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries.ItemsSource")]
        public static PlotModel FromItemsSource()
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = "ScatterSeries (n=1000)", Subtitle = "The scatter points are defined in the ItemsSource property." };
            model.Series.Add(new ScatterSeries
            {
                ItemsSource = CreateRandomScatterPoints(1000),
            });
            return model;
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries.ItemsSource + Mapping")]
        public static PlotModel FromMapping()
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = "ScatterSeries (n=1000)", Subtitle = "The scatter points are defined by a mapping from the ItemsSource." };
            model.Series.Add(new ScatterSeries
            {
                ItemsSource = CreateRandomDataPoints(1000),
                Mapping = item => new ScatterPoint(((DataPoint)item).X, ((DataPoint)item).Y)
            });
            return model;
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries.ItemsSource + reflection")]
        public static PlotModel FromItemsSourceReflection()
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = "ScatterSeries (n=1000)", Subtitle = "The scatter points are defined by reflection from the ItemsSource." };
            model.Series.Add(new ScatterSeries
            {
                ItemsSource = CreateRandomDataPoints(1000),
                DataFieldX = "X",
                DataFieldY = "Y"
            });
            return model;
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Rainbow(16)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapRainbow16()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Rainbow(16), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Hue(30) Star")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapHue30()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Hue(30), MarkerType.Star, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Hot(64)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapHot64()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Hot(64), MarkerType.Triangle, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Cool(32)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapCool32()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Cool(32), MarkerType.Circle, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Gray(32)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapGray32()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Gray(32), MarkerType.Diamond, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Jet(32)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapJet32()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Jet(32), MarkerType.Plus, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Hot with extreme colors")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapHot64Extreme()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Hot(64), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Magenta, OxyColors.Green);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Hot (top legend)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapHot64ExtremeTopLegend()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Hot(64), MarkerType.Cross, AxisPosition.Top, OxyColors.Magenta, OxyColors.Green);
        }
        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Hot(16) N=31000")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapHot16Big()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(31000, OxyPalettes.Hot(16), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis BlueWhiteRed (3)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapBlueWhiteRed3()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.BlueWhiteRed(3), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis BlueWhiteRed (9)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapBlueWhiteRed9()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.BlueWhiteRed(9), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis BlueWhiteRed (256)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapBlueWhiteRed256()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.BlueWhiteRed(256), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis BlackWhiteRed (9)")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapBlackWhiteRed9()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.BlackWhiteRed(9), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis BlackWhiteRed (9) top legend")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapBlackWhiteRed9TopLegend()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.BlackWhiteRed(9), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Top, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Viridis")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapViridis()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Viridis(), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Plasma")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapPlasma()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Plasma(), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Magma")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapMagma()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Magma(), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Inferno")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapInferno()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Inferno(), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with ColorAxis Cividis")]
        public static PlotModel ColorMapCividis()
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterSeriesWithColorAxisPlotModel(2500, OxyPalettes.Cividis(), MarkerType.Square, AxisPosition.Right, OxyColors.Undefined, OxyColors.Undefined);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with single-selected items")]
        public static PlotModel SingleSelectItems()
        {
            var model = RandomScatter(10, 8);
            model.Subtitle = "Click to select a point";

            model.SelectionColor = OxyColors.Red;

            var series = model.Series[0];

            series.SelectionMode = SelectionMode.Single;

            series.SelectItem(3);
            series.SelectItem(5);

            series.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
                {
                    var index = (int)e.HitTestResult.Index;
                    series.SelectItem(index);
                    model.InvalidatePlot(false);
                    e.Handled = true;
                };
            model.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
                {
                    series.ClearSelection();
                    model.InvalidatePlot(false);
                    e.Handled = true;
                };

            return model;
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with multi-selected items")]
        public static PlotModel MultiSelectItems()
        {
            var model = RandomScatter(10, 8);
            model.Subtitle = "Click to toggle point selection";

            model.SelectionColor = OxyColors.Red;

            var series = model.Series[0];

            series.SelectionMode = SelectionMode.Multiple;

            series.SelectItem(3);
            series.SelectItem(5);

            series.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
            {
                var index = (int)e.HitTestResult.Index;

                // Toggle the selection state for this item
                if (series.IsItemSelected(index))
                {
                    series.UnselectItem(index);
                }
                else
                {
                    series.SelectItem(index);
                }

                model.InvalidatePlot(false);
                e.Handled = true;
            };

            model.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
            {
                series.ClearSelection();
                model.InvalidatePlot(false);
                e.Handled = true;
            };

            return model;
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with SelectionMode.All (no tracker)")]
        public static PlotModel AllSelected()
        {
            return AllSelected(false);
        }

        [Example("ScatterSeries with SelectionMode.All (with tracker)")]
        public static PlotModel AllSelectedWithTracker()
        {
            return AllSelected(true);
        }

        private static PlotModel AllSelected(bool showTracker)
        {
            var model = RandomScatter(10, 8);
            model.Subtitle = "Click to select all points";

            model.SelectionColor = OxyColors.Red;

            var series = model.Series[0];

            series.SelectionMode = SelectionMode.All;

            series.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
                {
                    series.Select();
                    model.InvalidatePlot(false);
                    e.Handled = !showTracker;
                };

            model.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
            {
                if (e.HitTestResult != null && showTracker)
                {
                    return;
                }

                series.ClearSelection();
                model.InvalidatePlot(false);
                e.Handled = true;
            };

            return model;
        }

        [Example("TrackerFormatString")]
        public static PlotModel TrackerFormatString()
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = "TrackerFormatString" };

            var s1 = new ScatterSeries { TrackerFormatString = "{Sum:0.0}", DataFieldX = "X", DataFieldY = "Y" };
            var myPoints = new List<MyPoint>
            {
                new MyPoint { X = 10, Y = 40 },
                new MyPoint { X = 40, Y = 20 },
                new MyPoint { X = 60, Y = 30 }
            };
            s1.ItemsSource = myPoints;
            model.Series.Add(s1);
            return model;
        }

        public struct MyPoint
        {
            public double X { get; set; }

            public double Y { get; set; }

            public double Sum
            {
                get
                {
                    // calculated on request
                    return this.X + this.Y;
                }
            }
        }

        private static PlotModel RandomScatter(int n, int binSize)
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = string.Format("ScatterSeries (n={0})", n), Subtitle = binSize > 0 ? "BinSize = " + binSize : "No 'binning'" };

            var s1 = new ScatterSeries()
            {
                Title = "Series 1",
                MarkerType = MarkerType.Diamond,
                MarkerStrokeThickness = 0,
                BinSize = binSize
            };

            var random = new Random(1);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                s1.Points.Add(new ScatterPoint(random.NextDouble(), random.NextDouble()));
            }

            model.Series.Add(s1);
            return model;
        }

        private static PlotModel CreateCorrelatedScatter(int n)
        {
            var model = new PlotModel { Title = string.Format("Correlated ScatterSeries (n={0})", n) };

            var s1 = new ScatterSeries
            {
                Title = "Series 1",
                MarkerType = MarkerType.Diamond,
                MarkerStrokeThickness = 0,
            };

            var random = new Random(1);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                var x = GetNormalDistributedValue(random);
                var y = 2 * x * x + GetNormalDistributedValue(random);
                s1.Points.Add(new ScatterPoint(x, y));
            }

            model.Series.Add(s1);
            return model;
        }

        private static ScatterSeries CreateRandomScatterSeries(Random r, int n, string title, MarkerType markerType)
        {
            var s1 = new ScatterSeries { Title = title, MarkerType = markerType, MarkerStroke = OxyColors.Black, MarkerStrokeThickness = 1.0 };
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                double x = r.NextDouble() * 10;
                double y = r.NextDouble() * 10;
                var p = new ScatterPoint(x, y);
                s1.Points.Add(p);
            }

            return s1;
        }

        private static double GetNormalDistributedValue(Random rnd)
        {
            var d1 = rnd.NextDouble();
            var d2 = rnd.NextDouble();
            return Math.Sqrt(-2.0 * Math.Log(d1)) * Math.Sin(2.0 * Math.PI * d2);
        }

        private static List<DataPoint> CreateRandomDataPoints(int n)
        {
            return CreateRandomScatterPoints(n).Select(sp => new DataPoint(sp.X, sp.Y)).ToList();
        }

        private static List<ScatterPoint> CreateRandomScatterPoints(int n)
        {
            var r = new Random(12345);

            var points = new List<ScatterPoint>();
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                double x = r.NextDouble() * 10;
                double y = r.NextDouble() * 10;
                var p = new ScatterPoint(x, y);
                points.Add(p);
            }

            return points;
        }
    }
}